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Connectors are what make Azure AD Application Proxy possible. They're simple, easy to deploy and maintain, and super powerful. This article discusses what connectors are, how they work, and some suggestions for how to optimize your deployment. What is an Application Proxy connector?Connectors are lightweight agents that sit on-premises and facilitate the outbound connection to the Application Proxy service. Connectors must be installed on a Windows Server that has access to the backend application. You can organize connectors into connector groups, with each group handling traffic to specific applications. Requirements and deploymentTo deploy Application Proxy successfully, you need at least one connector, but we recommend two or more for greater resiliency. Install the connector on a machine running Windows Server 2012 R2 or later. The connector needs to communicate with the Application Proxy service and the on-premises applications that you publish. Windows serverYou need a server running Windows Server 2012 R2 or later on which you can install the Application Proxy connector. The server needs to connect to the Application Proxy services in Azure, and the on-premises applications that you're publishing. The windows server needs to have TLS 1.2 enabled before you install the Application Proxy connector. Existing connectors with versions below 1.5.612.0 will continue to work on prior versions of TLS until further notice. To enable TLS 1.2:
For more information about the network requirements for the connector server, see Get started with Application Proxy and install a connector. MaintenanceThe connectors and the service take care of all the high availability tasks. They can be added or removed dynamically. Each time a new request arrives it is routed to one of the connectors that is currently available. If a connector is temporarily not available, it doesn't respond to this traffic. The connectors are stateless and have no configuration data on the machine. The only data they store is the settings for connecting the service and its authentication certificate. When they connect to the service, they pull all the required configuration data and refresh it every couple of minutes. Connectors also poll the server to find out whether there is a newer version of the connector. If one is found, the connectors update themselves. You can monitor your connectors from the machine they are running on, using either the event log and performance counters. Or you can view their status from the Application Proxy page of the Azure portal: You don't have to manually delete connectors that are unused. When a connector is running, it remains active as it connects to the service. Unused connectors are tagged as inactive and are removed after 10 days of inactivity. If you do want to uninstall a connector, though, uninstall both the Connector service and the Updater service from the server. Restart your computer to fully remove the service. Automatic updatesAzure AD provides automatic updates for all the connectors that you deploy. As long as the Application Proxy Connector Updater service is running, your connectors update automatically. If you don’t see the Connector Updater service on your server, you need to reinstall your connector to get any updates. If you don't want to wait for an automatic update to come to your connector, you can do a manual upgrade. Go to the connector download page on the server where your connector is located and select Download. This process kicks off an upgrade for the local connector. For tenants with multiple connectors, the automatic updates target one connector at a time in each group to prevent downtime in your environment. You may experience downtime when your connector updates if:
To see information about previously released versions and what changes they include, see Application Proxy- Version Release History. Creating connector groupsConnector groups enable you to assign specific connectors to serve specific applications. You can group a number of connectors together, and then assign each application to a group. Connector groups make it easier to manage large deployments. They also improve latency for tenants that have applications hosted in different regions, because you can create location-based connector groups to serve only local applications. To learn more about connector groups, see Publish applications on separate networks and locations using connector groups. Capacity PlanningIt is important to make sure you have planned enough capacity between connectors to handle the expected traffic volume. We recommend that each connector group has at least two connectors to provide high availability and scale. Having three connectors is optimal in case you may need to service a machine at any point. In general, the more users you have, the larger a machine you'll need. Below is a table giving an outline of the volume and expected latency different machines can handle. Note it is all based on expected Transactions Per Second (TPS) rather than by user since usage patterns vary and can't be used to predict load. There will also be some differences based on the size of the responses and the backend application response time - larger response sizes and slower response times will result in a lower Max TPS. We also recommend having additional machines so that the distributed load across the machines always provides ample buffer. The extra capacity will ensure that you have high availability and resiliency.
* This machine used a custom setting to raise some of the default connection limits beyond .NET recommended settings. We recommend running a test with the default settings before contacting support to get this limit changed for your tenant. Note There is not much difference in the maximum TPS between 4, 8, and 16 core machines. The main difference between those is in the expected latency. Security and networkingConnectors can be installed anywhere on the network that allows them to send requests to the Application Proxy service. What's important is that the computer running the connector also has access to your apps. You can install connectors inside of your corporate network or on a virtual machine that runs in the cloud. Connectors can run within a perimeter network, also known as a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but it's not necessary because all traffic is outbound so your network stays secure. Connectors only send outbound requests. The outbound traffic is sent to the Application Proxy service and to the published applications. You don't have to open inbound ports because traffic flows both ways once a session is established. You also don't have to configure inbound access through your firewalls. For more information about configuring outbound firewall rules, see Work with existing on-premises proxy servers. Performance and scalabilityScale for the Application Proxy service is transparent, but scale is a factor for connectors. You need to have enough connectors to handle peak traffic. Since connectors are stateless, they aren't affected by the number of users or sessions. Instead, they respond to the number of requests and their payload size. With standard web traffic, an average machine can handle a couple thousand requests per second. The specific capacity depends on the exact machine characteristics. ![]() The connector performance is bound by CPU and networking. CPU performance is needed for SSL encryption and decryption, while networking is important to get fast connectivity to the applications and the online service in Azure. In contrast, memory is less of an issue for connectors. The online service takes care of much of the processing and all unauthenticated traffic. Everything that can be done in the cloud is done in the cloud. If for any reason that connector or machine becomes unavailable, the traffic will start going to another connector in the group. This resiliency is also why we recommend having multiple connectors. Another factor that affects performance is the quality of the networking between the connectors, including:
For more information about optimizing your network, see Network topology considerations when using Azure Active Directory Application Proxy. Domain joiningConnectors can run on a machine that is not domain-joined. However, if you want single sign-on (SSO) to applications that use Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA), you need a domain-joined machine. In this case, the connector machines must be joined to a domain that can perform Kerberos Constrained Delegation on behalf of the users for the published applications. Connectors can also be joined to domains or forests that have a partial trust, or to read-only domain controllers. Connector deployments on hardened environmentsUsually, connector deployment is straightforward and requires no special configuration. However, there are some unique conditions that should be considered:
Connector authenticationTo provide a secure service, connectors have to authenticate toward the service, and the service has to authenticate toward the connector. This authentication is done using client and server certificates when the connectors initiate the connection. This way the administrator’s username and password are not stored on the connector machine. The certificates used are specific to the Application Proxy service. They get created during the initial registration and are automatically renewed by the connectors every couple of months. If a connector is not connected to the service for several months, its certificates may be outdated. In this case, uninstall and reinstall the connector to trigger registration. You can run the following PowerShell commands: Under the hoodConnectors are based on Windows Server Web Application Proxy, so they have most of the same management tools including Windows Event Logs and Windows performance counters. The connectors have both admin and session logs. The admin logs include key events and their errors. The session logs include all the transactions and their processing details. To see the logs, go to the Event Viewer, open the View menu, and enable Show analytic and debug logs. Then, enable them to start collecting events. These logs do not appear in Web Application Proxy in Windows Server 2012 R2, as the connectors are based on a more recent version. You can examine the state of the service in the Services window. The connector is made up of two Windows Services: the actual connector, and the updater. Both of them must run all the time. Next steps-->Applies to: Azure Information Protection, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 Use the following information to help you install and configure the Azure Rights Management (RMS) connector. These procedures cover steps 1 though 4 from Deploying the Azure Rights Management connector. Before you begin, make sure that you have reviewed and checked the prerequisites for this deployment. Installing the RMS connector
To continue, enter an account and password to configure the RMS connector. Entering credentialsBefore you can configure the RMS connector, you must enter credentials for an account that has sufficient privileges to configure the RMS connector. For example, you might type [email protected] and then specify the password for this account. This account must not require multi-factor authentication (MFA) because the Microsoft Rights Management administration tool does not support MFA for this account. The connector also has some character restrictions for this password. You cannot use a password that has any of the following characters: Ampersand ( & ); left angle bracket ( [ ); right angle bracket ( ] ); straight quotation ( ' ); and apostrophe ( ' ). If your password has any of these characters, authentication fails for the RMS connector and you see the error message That user name and password combination is not correct, even though you can successfully sign in using this account and password for other scenarios. If this scenario applies to your password, either use a different account with a password that does not have any of these special characters, or reset your password so it doesn't have any of these special characters. In addition, if you have implemented onboarding controls, make sure that the account you specify is able to protect content. For example, if you restricted the ability to protect content to the 'IT department' group, the account that you specify here must be a member of that group. If not, you see the error message: The attempt to discover the location of the administration service and organization failed. Make sure Microsoft Rights Management service is enabled for your organization. You can use an account that has one of the following privileges:
During the RMS connector installation process, all prerequisite software is validated and installed, Internet Information Services (IIS) is installed if not already present, and the connector software is installed and configured. In addition, Azure RMS is prepared for configuration by creating the following:
On the final page of the wizard, do the following, and then click Finish:
Tip At this point, there is a verification test that you can perform to test whether the web services for the RMS connector are operational:
If you need to uninstall the RMS connector, run the wizard again and select the uninstall option. If you experience any problems during the installation, check the installation log: %LocalAppData%TempMicrosoft Rights Management connector_<date and time>.log As an example, your install log might look similar to C:UsersAdministratorAppDataLocalTempMicrosoft Rights Management connector_20170803110352.log Authorizing servers to use the RMS connectorWhen you have installed the RMS connector on at least two computers, you are ready to authorize the servers and services that you want to use the RMS connector. For example, servers running Exchange Server 2013 or SharePoint Server 2013. To define these servers, run the RMS connector administration tool and add entries to the list of allowed servers. You can run this tool when you select Launch connector administration console to authorize servers at the end of the Microsoft Rights Management connector Setup wizard, or you can run it separately from the wizard. When you authorize these servers, be aware of the following considerations:
On the Servers allowed to utilize the connector page, click Add. Note Authorizing servers is the equivalent configuration in Azure RMS to the AD RMS configuration of manually applying NTFS rights to ServerCertification.asmx for the service or server computer accounts, and manually granting user super rights to the Exchange accounts. Applying NTFS rights to ServerCertification.asmx is not required on the connector. Add a server to the list of allowed serversOn the Allow a server to utilize the connector page, enter the name of the object, or browse to identify the object to authorize. It is important that you authorize the correct object. For a server to use the connector, the account that runs the on-premises service (for example, Exchange or SharePoint) must be selected for authorization. For example, if the service is running as a configured service account, add the name of that service account to the list. If the service is running as Local System, add the name of the computer object (for example, SERVERNAME$). As a best practice, create a group that contains these accounts and specify the group instead of individual server names. More information about the different server roles:
When you have finished adding servers to the list, click Close. If you haven’t already done so, you must now configure load balancing for the servers that have the RMS connector installed, and consider whether to use HTTPS for the connections between these servers and the servers that you have just authorized. Configuring load balancing and high availabilityAfter you have installed the second or final instance of the RMS connector, define a connector URL server name and configure a load balancing system. The connector URL server name can be any name under a namespace that you control. For example, you could create an entry in your DNS system for rmsconnector.contoso.com and configure this entry to use an IP address in your load balancing system. There are no special requirements for this name and it doesn’t need to be configured on the connector servers themselves. Unless your Exchange and SharePoint servers are going to be communicating with the connector over the Internet, this name doesn’t have to resolve on the Internet. Important We recommend that you don’t change this name after you have configured Exchange or SharePoint servers to use the connector, because you have to then clear these servers of all IRM configurations and then reconfigure them. After the name is created in DNS and is configured for an IP address, configure load balancing for that address, which directs traffic to the connector servers. You can use any IP-based load balancer for this purpose, which includes the Network Load Balancing (NLB) feature in Windows Server. For more information, see Load Balancing Deployment Guide. Use the following settings to configure the NLB cluster:
This name that you define for the load-balanced system (for the servers running the RMS connector service) is your organization’s RMS connector name that you use later, when you configure the on-premises servers to use Azure RMS. Configuring the RMS connector to use HTTPSNote This configuration step is optional, but recommended for additional security. Although the use of TLS or SSL is optional for the RMS connector, we recommend it for any HTTP-based security-sensitive service. This configuration authenticates the servers running the connector to your Exchange and SharePoint servers that use the connector. In addition, all data that is sent from these servers to the connector is encrypted. To enable the RMS connector to use TLS, on each server that runs the RMS connector, install a server authentication certificate that contains the name that you use for the connector. For example, if your RMS connector name that you defined in DNS is rmsconnector.contoso.com, deploy a server authentication certificate that contains rmsconnector.contoso.com in the certificate subject as the common name. Or, specify rmsconnector.contoso.com in the certificate alternative name as the DNS value. The certificate does not have to include the name of the server. Then in IIS, bind this certificate to the Default Web Site. If you use the HTTPS option, ensure that all servers that run the connector have a valid server authentication certificate that chains to a root CA that your Exchange and SharePoint servers trust. In addition, if the certification authority (CA) that issued the certificates for the connector servers publishes a certificate revocation list (CRL), the Exchange and SharePoint servers must be able to download this CRL. Tip You can use the following information and resources to help you request and install a server authentication certificate, and to bind this certificate to the Default Web Site in IIS:
Configuring the RMS connector for a web proxy serverIf your connector servers are installed in a network that does not have direct Internet connectivity and requires manual configuration of a web proxy server for outbound Internet access, you must configure the registry on these servers for the RMS connector. To configure the RMS connector to use a web proxy server
Installing the RMS connector administration tool on administrative computersYou can run the RMS connector administration tool from a computer that does not have the RMS connector installed, if that computer meets the following requirements:
To install the RMS connector administration tool, run the following files:
If you haven’t already downloaded these files, you can do so from the Microsoft Download Center. Next stepsNow that the RMS connector is installed and configured, you are ready to configure your on-premises servers to use it. Go to Configuring servers for the Azure Rights Management connector.
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